According to Eurostat, at the end of the third quarter of 2025, Estonia’s national debt amounted to 22.9% of gross domestic product.
In Lithuania and Latvia this indicator is higher and amounts to 40.7% and 45.2%, respectively.
For comparison, the average public debt indicator in the EU countries reached 82.1% of GDP, and in the eurozone countries – 88.5%. The highest levels of this indicator were recorded in Greece (149.7%), Italy (137.8%), France (117.7%), Belgium – 107.1% and Spain – 103.2%.
The lowest levels of state debt, apart from Estonia, were observed last year in Luxembourg (27.9%), Bulgaria (28.4%) and Denmark (29.7%).
Gross public debt is defined as the consolidated gross debt of the entire public sector outstanding at the end of the quarter (at nominal value). It consists of public sector liabilities in financial instruments such as foreign exchange and deposits, debt securities and loans.
Public debt consisted by 84.2% of debt securities in euro area countries and by 83.6% in EU countries.
The share of loans reached 13.3% in the euro area and 13.9% in the EU.
Currency and deposit ratios were 2.6% in the euro area and 2.5% in the EU.
